i think the head flow is important even in fi applications. I was going to post this as a individual thread but found this one and its relevant. Why does the 2jz have so much more volumentric efficiency over the 1uz. Stock for stock the 2jzge and 1uz lay down about 170 to 180rwhp. The 1uz has 25% more displacement, but i guess the 2jz is 25% more efficient. So, people are saying this is only true in n/a circumstances, i am not so sure of this. Lextreme's original project put down about 300rwhp on 7 psi with two t3's right. Don't most 2jz-ge kits advertise 300rwhp on 7 psi with fairly small turbo's. So even on boost the 2jz makes about 25% more power per cubic inch. Rdm20fan's twin turbo sc400 did 500rwhp on twin turbos at 20 psi and i have been looking at na-t 2jz car that lay down 500rwhp plus on 18psi on pump gas. So the 2jz may even outflow the 1uz despite 25% diplacement disadvantage once you get more up in the hp range. Bottom line, the headflow, velocity, combustion in the 1uz is poor compared to the 2jz. I do think the 2uz is much better and late 1uz's because i drove a a 2uz a noticed a big difference in low end punch and response. What does the 45 degree valve angle do on the 2jz. Is the narrow valve angle on the 1uz the hinderance. Any experts on heads/combustion chambers can explain what is up with the 1uz head. Does the 1uz intake manifold flow well compared with a 2jz? And the final question, can the 1uz head be ported to catch up with the 2jz, or is there fundamental design incorporated that can not be changed? Air and fuel makes power, an engine is really just a pump, so these flow figures matter. What factors do the stock 2jz and 1uz cams have to do with this, if any?